English
Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastases. However, uncontrolled bleeding during surgery poses a significant challenge to adequate surgical resection and impairs surgical outcomes. In this study, we developed a hybrid superstructure of nanorobot hydrogel containing thrombin (Thr) by integrating nanorobot into regenerated silk fibroin nanofiber hydrogel. This superstructure with excellent thixotropy was percutaneously injected and dispersed into the spinal metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bleeding characteristics before spinal surgery in a mouse model. Under near-infrared radiation, self moving nanorobots penetrate deep spinal tumors and release Thr in a controlled manner. Thr induced thrombosis effectively blocked tumor blood vessels and reduced bleeding, while gold nanorod mediated photothermal therapy inhibited tumor growth and postoperative recurrence. Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative treatment strategy for spinal metastases of liver cancer, effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth, and potentially reducing surgical complications and improving surgical outcomes.
