Today's Medical Engineering Interdisciplinary Topic Design: Targeted Regulation of Immune and Metabolic Changes in Malnourished Muscles by Exosomes Driven by Magnetic Fields

Secretory vesicles are a promising tissue repair and regeneration therapy that can induce and guide appropriate immune responses in malnutrition. However, manipulating extracellular vesicles to control their biological distribution and targeting them in vivo for sufficient therapeutic effects remains a major challenge. Here, we overcome this limitation by developing an externally controlled delivery system for inducing membrane associated protein A1 extracellular vesicles (Exomyo). An effective nanocarrier is achieved by immobilizing Exomyo onto ferromagnetic nanotubes, allowing for controlled delivery and localization of Exomyo in skeletal muscle through whole-body injection using an external magnetic field. Quantitative muscle level analysis indicates that macrophages dominate the absorption of Exomyo from these ferromagnetic nanotubes in vivo, thereby synergistically promoting beneficial muscle responses in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our research findings provide insights for the development of exosome based muscle disease treatment methods, and overall emphasize the development of effective functional nanocarriers aimed at optimizing the biological distribution of exosomes.