Nanocarriers are critical for targeting and enhancing drug delivery. However, the use of toxic solvents and complex chemical functionalization have severely limited their clinical translation.

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymer networks that swell with water. Due to their soft and water-containing nature, hydrogels are promising materials for applications in many fields such as biomedical engineering, soft robotics, and environmental research.

Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastases. However, uncontrolled bleeding during surgery poses a significant challenge to adequate surgical resection and impairs surgical outcomes. In this study, we developed a hybrid superstructure of nanorobot hydrogel containing thrombin (Thr)

Pills are the cornerstone of medicine, but they are difficult to swallow. Although liquid formulations are easier to ingest, they lack the ability to use excipients for local treatment and cannot serve as controlled release devices.

Biological tissues grow or evolve through a series of complex processes of material and energy internalization, which is highly challenging to imitate in synthetic materials.

Biological tissues grow or evolve through a series of complex processes of material and energy internalization, which is highly challenging to imitate in synthetic materials. Here, a delayed cross-linking strategy was developed to program the reactivity of cross-linking sites and make the hydrogel e