The intercalation of atoms, ions, and molecules is a powerful tool for altering or adjusting two-dimensional material properties (interlayer interactions, in-plane bonding configurations, Fermi level energy, electronic band structure, and spin orbit coupling). Insertion can cause changes in the prop

The role of glial scars in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) has been widely recognized, as they create physical barriers to axonal regeneration and persistent chronic inflammation by releasing cytotoxic agents, thereby hindering nerve repair. Therefore, preventing glial scars has beco

Biological tissues grow or evolve through a series of complex processes of material and energy internalization, which is highly challenging to imitate in synthetic materials.

Biological tissues grow or evolve through a series of complex processes of material and energy internalization, which is highly challenging to imitate in synthetic materials. Here, a delayed cross-linking strategy was developed to program the reactivity of cross-linking sites and make the hydrogel e

Porous skeleton has high porosity and adjustable function. These two characteristics together create sufficient interfaces for material exchange and energy transfer within the skeleton.

Secretory vesicles are a promising tissue repair and regeneration therapy that can induce and guide appropriate immune responses in malnutrition. However, manipulating extracellular vesicles to control their biological distribution and targeting them in vivo for sufficient therapeutic effects remain